The Second Amendment Gets From The 1689 English Bill Of...

The Eighth Amendment gets from the 1689 English Bill of Rights, redacted in the Virginia Declaration of Rights and recommended by the Virginia favoring custom. The Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause seems to show an earlier right to safeguard. Really, truant significant conditions, American courts have reliably expected that each respondent has a benefit to flexibility pending trial by paying of bail. As a rule, the courts have been conscious to legitimate exclusions to the other side to bail. Carlson v. Landon (1952). In British practice, most authentic wrongdoings were nonbailable. See Hunt v. Roth. In America, various common contracts and state constitutions, and moreover the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the Judiciary Act of 1789, guaranteed a benefit to protect yet made exception for capital offenses. All the more starting late, the Supreme Court has avowed a state statute allowing pretrial confinement of a couple of youths, Schall v. Martin (1984). In United States v. Salern o (1987), the Court kept up the pretrial constrainment plans in the Bail Reform Act of 1984 that associated with individuals who were caught for honest to goodness infringement and who may speak to a risk to the gathering. The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, sanctioned in 1791, has three arrangements. The CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTS CLAUSE confines the seriousness of disciplines that state and governments may force upon people who have been indicted a criminal offense. The ExcessiveShow MoreRelatedGun Control And The Second Amendment1179 Words   |  5 Pagescitizens to bear arms. The right to bear arms traces back all the way to the times of the 13 colonies. The Second Amendment has been up for many debates, especially in the recent light of mass shootings in the US. But does the entire removal and ban of firearms really work? Gun control and the second amendment has been a never ending conflict between politicians. As we look further into gun control there are more draw backs for the citizens than benefits. The Second Amendment was ratified to the USRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control897 Words   |  4 Pagesintended to restrict access to, the possession of, or the use of arms, particularly firearms. Gun control is one of the most controversial and emotional issues in many countries, with the debate often centring on whether regulations on an individual’s right to arms are an undue restriction on liberty and whether there is a correlation between guns and crime. Proponents of gun-control legislation assert that the strict enforcement of gun-control laws saves lives and reduces crime. By contrast, opponentsRead MoreThe Constitutional System Within The United Kingdom1416 Words   |  6 Pagesan uncodified constitution, whereas, a codified Constitution is less flexible with complex amendment procedures and often seen as out-dated. In general, liberty and authority are two political factors that could be in constant conflict with each other. Although John Stuart Mill (1869) suggested in On Liberty, that the only time a state could interfere with an individuals’ freedom is by preventing harm from one another, the subject of a rigid constitution and liberal democracy is still an on-goingRead MoreGun Save Lives : Virginia Devoe1060 Words   |  5 Pagesenforced because they violate the second Amendment, put innocent citizens in danger, and put guns into the hands of criminals. The issue of gun gun control is a huge topic in The United States today. The issue is controlled by the actions of two groups, gun control and gun rights activists. Many anti gun control advocates turn to the second when asked about the issue of gun control, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bearRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesthe current state of our society these days, owning a gun has become a necessity for some, if not all, household. I, myself, conform for every household having a gun. Although we have our police force always ready to rescue anyone in distress, every second matters when we are facing face to face with danger. Granted that the authorities are already underway, having something on hand to defend one’s self is the most important thing for the time being. Though I believe that everybody needs to be educatedRead MoreThe Second Amendment O f United States Constitution1350 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The second amendment of United States constitution said â€Å"A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed†. This amendment was embraced on December 15, 1791, taking in consideration that American citizens have a natural right to self-defense and they can help to accomplish the following purposes: Permitting the people to organize a militia system Contributing in law enforcement DeterringRead MoreHuman Rights Act1816 Words   |  8 PagesThe Human Right Act 1998 is an act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which received Royal Assent on 9 November 1998, and mostly came into force on 2 October 2000.It’s aim is to â€Å"give further effect† in UK law to the right contained in the European Convention on Human Right. The Act makes available in UK courts a remedy for breach of a Convention right, without the need to go to the European Court of Human Right in Strasbourg. It also totally abolished the death penalty in UK law although this wasRead MoreHuman Rights Act1806 Words   |  8 PagesThe Human Right Act 1998 is an act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which received Royal Assent on 9 November 1998, and mostly came into force on 2 October 2000.It’s aim is to â€Å"give further effect† in UK law to the right contained in the European Convention on Human Right. The Act makes available in UK courts a remedy for breach of a Conve ntion right, without the need to go to the European Court of Human Right in Strasbourg. It also totally abolished the death penalty in UK law although this wasRead MoreCompare and Contract the Budget Processes and Systems of Fiscal Accountability in Presidential and Parliamentary Systems of Government.8193 Words   |  33 Pagestraced to the development of the English Constitution. The Glorious Revolution of 1689 established the supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy, and thereafter, at least in principal, the King, and later the Prime Minister, could request certain taxes or various expenditures, but only Parliament could authorize them (California Department of Finance, 1998). In the United Kingdom, budgetary control at first extended only to the armed forces, to prevent the King from assembling a force large enoughRead MoreCruel and Unusual Punishment Clause3215 Words   |  13 Pagespossible suspension or expulsion. 1 Explain the Eighth Amendment (Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause). The Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause can be found in the English Bill of Rights in 1689 and later adopted by the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1787. The phrase describes â€Å"punishment which is considered unacceptable due to the suffering, pain or humiliation it inflicts on the condemned person†. This amendment also includes the text that â€Å"excessive bail shall not be

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is on the rise. ADHD is classified as a neurological disorder that develops during childhood and can persist into adulthood. There has been conflicted arguments among Doctors, Scientist, Teachers and parents on the topic of ADHD. ADHD is starting to become one of the most diagnosed disorders among children. It is also said that over the past several years adult ADHD is more common. However, some children may not go on to have ADHD or the symptoms may change across the lifespan. My son Xander who is now 10 struggles daily with ADHD. Millions of people around the world suffer from ADHD both children and adults. Over the last decade, questions have risen in regards to ADHD. Is ADHD overdiagnosed? Is ADHD genetic? Is it only diagnosed in the United States? Can one grow out of ADHD? All these questions have several different answers depending on who you ask. However, this does not mean that ADHD doesn’t exist. Although ADHD does exist across the lifespan and is currently not curable, one should not give up the hope of ADHD being successfully managed throughout the lifespan so that they can live a normal life with academic success. Per the Center for disease control (CDC) ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood. Children with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors as in acting without thinking aboutShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1744 Words   |  7 PagesI chose to research Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and kn ow the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that evenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1495 Words   |  6 Pagesoccasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this can have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feelRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There are many disorders that are first diagnosed whether it is during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The disorders range from intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, all the way through to elimination disorders. Attention-deficit and disruptive disorders are the most common. All including AD/HD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified disruptive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas had some difficulty sitting still, paying attention and even controlling impulsive behavior once or twice in our life. For some people, however, the problems that occur slim to none in our life occurs in the lives of theirs every day and interfere with every aspect of their life inclusive of home, academic, social and work. . The interaction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deï ¬ cits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academicRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend information being presented to them. Children with Attention DeficitRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1552 Words   |  7 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Seth was a second grader at West Elementary. He constantly got reprimanded by his teachers for not paying attention in class. He could not understand the information given to him during the school day. He thought he was stupid and useless. But he was not. His parents got him tested by a doctor for ADHD. He is one of many kids in the United States who have been recognized as having it. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a major issue in the educationRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )978 Words   |  4 Pagesin diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children since the 21st century. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the increase has been seen as a difference from, â€Å"7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (p. 4). Many questions arise concerning why the numbers are on the rise, especially when boys are 7.6 percent more likely than girls to receive the diagnosis of ADHD. When should the line be drawn between a disorder, and hyperactivity that comes withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is ADHD? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects almost 10% of American children between 13 and 18 years old, as well as 4% of U.S. adults over 18. Only a licensed mental health professional can provide an ADHD diagnosis, after a thorough evaluation. ADHD has three primary characteristics: Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Inattentive: Are effortlessly distracted, fail to catch details, are forgetful, and regularly switch activities. Find it difficult to focus Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also referred to as ADHD, is classified as a disorder in which a person has a difficulty focusing, over activity, and spontaneity, which typically the cases deal with children. Characteristics of ADHD include: having trouble following directions and rules, off task behavior, and not appropriate verbalizations and motor activities in settings, such as school. Therefore, researchers decided to conduct research to test the effectiveness of a weighted vests on children. Weighted vests are used by Occupational Therapists to help children with ADHD, mainly in school settings, for the child to be able to pay attention and learn effectively. The weighted vests have been known to help children with sensory stimulation, by predominating sensory stimuli, therefore reducing the rate of ADHD characteristics. However, previous research studies, five out of seven different studies, have concluded that weighted vests did not provide effective treatment for c hildren with ADHD. After previous research conclusions, which resulted in a negative outlook on weighted vests for children with ADHD, researchers decided to retest that conclusion. Research was conducted and performed by four professors of Universities in Taiwan; the researchers were Hung-Yu Lin, Posen Lee, Wen-Dien Chang, and Fu-Yuan Hong. The overall question that these professors had was â€Å"Do weighted vests work on improving attention, impulse control, and on-task behavior in children withShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1744 Words   |  7 PagesI chose to research Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and kn ow the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that evenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1495 Words   |  6 Pagesoccasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this can have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feelRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There are many disorders that are first diagnosed whether it is during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The disorders range from intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, all the way through to elimination disorders. Attention-deficit and disruptive disorders are the most common. All including AD/HD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified disruptive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas had some difficulty sitting still, paying attention and even controlling impulsive behavior once or twice in our life. For some people, however, the problems that occur slim to none in our life occurs in the lives of theirs every day and interfere with every aspect of their life inclusive of home, academic, social and work. . The interaction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deï ¬ cits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academicRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend information being presented to them. Children with Attention DeficitRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1552 Words   |  7 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Seth was a second grader at West Elementary. He constantly got reprimanded by his teachers for not paying attention in class. He could not understand the information given to him during the school day. He thought he was stupid and useless. But he was not. His parents got him tested by a doctor for ADHD. He is one of many kids in the United States who have been recognized as having it. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a major issue in the educationRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )978 Words   |  4 Pagesin diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children since the 21st century. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the increase has been seen as a difference from, â€Å"7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (p. 4). Many questions arise concerning why the numbers are on the rise, especially when boys are 7.6 percent more likely than girls to receive the diagnosis of ADHD. When should the line be drawn between a disorder, and hyperactivity that comes withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is ADHD? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects almost 10% of American children between 13 and 18 years old, as well as 4% of U.S. adults over 18. Only a licensed mental health professional can provide an ADHD diagnosis, after a thorough evaluation. ADHD has three primary characteristics: Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Inattentive: Are effortlessly distracted, fail to catch details, are forgetful, and regularly switch activities. Find it difficult to focus Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay Over the past couple of decades there has been a huge increase in the diagnosis and prescriptions given out for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. â€Å"An article from prescription provider Express scripts, finds a large overall increase in the number of Americans treated for ADHD there was a 36 percent increase in just five years† (David Muzina, 2014). When statistics like this are seen it is only normal for someone to ask questions. People are becoming curious about the legitimacy of the disorder, and whether or not the treatments being given to the individual are appropriate. ADHD may seem controversial to many on whether it is real or not, and if treatment is the best option. The argument seems to be strong both sides of the fence, but the extensive research done on ADHD leaves it hard for one to believe that it is a made up disorder. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD is a neurobehavioral development disorder diagnosed by a number of symptoms. ADHD c annot be diagnosed until seen by a doctor. There is no simple test for ADHD, however there is a standardize way that ADHD is diagnosed. For someone to be diagnosed with ADHD the person must have six inattention and six hyperactive impulsive behavior for it least six months. To a degree where it’s inconsistent with development level and that negatively impacts directly on social, academic and occupational activities. There is a number of symptoms such as fidgetiness individuals with ADHD have. UnfinishedShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1744 Words   |  7 PagesI chose to research Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and kn ow the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that evenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1495 Words   |  6 Pagesoccasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this can have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feelRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There are many disorders that are first diagnosed whether it is during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The disorders range from intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, all the way through to elimination disorders. Attention-deficit and disruptive disorders are the most common. All including AD/HD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified disruptive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas had some difficulty sitting still, paying attention and even controlling impulsive behavior once or twice in our life. For some people, however, the problems that occur slim to none in our life occurs in the lives of theirs every day and interfere with every aspect of their life inclusive of home, academic, social and work. . The interaction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deï ¬ cits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academicRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend information being presented to them. Children with Attention DeficitRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1552 Words   |  7 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Seth was a second grader at West Elementary. He constantly got reprimanded by his teachers for not paying attention in class. He could not understand the information given to him during the school day. He thought he was stupid and useless. But he was not. His parents got him tested by a doctor for ADHD. He is one of many kids in the United States who have been recognized as having it. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a major issue in the educationRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )978 Words   |  4 Pagesin diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children since the 21st century. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the increase has been seen as a difference from, â€Å"7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (p. 4). Many questions arise concerning why the numbers are on the rise, especially when boys are 7.6 percent more likely than girls to receive the diagnosis of ADHD. When should the line be drawn between a disorder, and hyperactivity that comes withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is ADHD? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects almost 10% of American children between 13 and 18 years old, as well as 4% of U.S. adults over 18. Only a licensed mental health professional can provide an ADHD diagnosis, after a thorough evaluation. ADHD has three primary characteristics: Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Inattentive: Are effortlessly distracted, fail to catch details, are forgetful, and regularly switch activities. Find it difficult to focus Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects about 5 percent of children and about half of them will carry those symptoms into adulthood. This NCIS episode I’m watching is amazing! Anyways back to ADHD. If untreated ADHD can cause numerous mental and physical problems that can put a strain on relationship and cause difficulties in many ways of everyday life. I have never been diagnosed with ADHD officially, but have 10 of 12 signs of it. Several doctors I have worked with, without doing official tests, tell me I most likely do. So far it has taken me 4 hours to get this far on this paper, between the tv, phone and games on the numerous other electronical devices I have to distract me it takes a while to do things I don’t particularly care to do. So I am going to go into the 12 signs of ADHD. First sign of course is lack of focus. People with ADHD have issues with lack of focus, easily distracted, finding it hard to listen, overlooking details, and not completing tasks or projects. I tend to do this in my personal life a lot, not so much at work because I know other people’s life are in my hands. Which brings us to sign number 2 Hyperfocus. Is when a person can become so engrossed in something that they can ignore anything and everything around them. This type of focus, and I just had to shut the blinds to keep me from looking outside, where by the way nothing is going on, but caught my attention. Anyways this type of focus, makes it easier to lose track ofShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1744 Words   |  7 PagesI chose to research Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and kn ow the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that evenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There are many disorders that are first diagnosed whether it is during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The disorders range from intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, all the way through to elimination disorders. Attention-deficit and disruptive disorders are the most common. All including AD/HD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified disruptive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1495 Words   |  6 Pagesoccasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this c an have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feelRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas had some difficulty sitting still, paying attention and even controlling impulsive behavior once or twice in our life. For some people, however, the problems that occur slim to none in our life occurs in the lives of theirs every day and interfere with every aspect of their life inclusive of home, academic, social and work. . The interaction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deï ¬ cits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academicRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend information being presented to them. Children with Attention DeficitRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1552 Words   |  7 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Seth was a second grader at West Elementary. He constantly got reprimanded by his teachers for not paying attention in class. He could not understand the information given to him during the school day. He thought he was stupid and useless. But he was not. His parents got him tested by a doctor for ADHD. He is one of many kids in the United States who have been recognized as having it. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a major issue in the educationRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )978 Words   |  4 Pagesin diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children since the 21st century. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the increase has been seen as a difference from, â€Å"7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (p. 4). Many questions arise concerning why the numbers are on the rise, especially when boys are 7.6 percent more likely than girls to receive the diagnosis of ADHD. When should the line be drawn between a disorder, and hyperactivity that comes withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pagesgiven out for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. â€Å"An article from prescription provider Express scripts, finds a large overall increase in the number of Americans treated for ADHD there was a 36 percent increase in just five years† (David Muzina, 2014). When statistics like this are seen it is only normal for someone to ask questions. People are becoming curious about the legitimacy of the disorder, and whether or not the treatments being given to the individual are appropriate. ADHD may seem controversial Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay ADHD Writing Assignment Sayako Deguchi Pikes Peak Community College ADHD Definition of ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is contemporary defined in the DSM-IV-TR published by the American Psychiatric Association. According to the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM–IV–TR; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000), Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) characterized by inattention and/ or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development† (p78). Symptom is having problem with paying attention, excessive activity, and unable to control impulsive behaviors. Children who have ADHD caused impairment, and shows symptoms before 7 years old (APA, 2000). Symptoms will usually surface when they are in preschool because of having trouble in classroom and their social behavior in their school life. According to DSM-IV-TR, Inattention behavior may be present in academic, work, and social environment. People with this disorder perform their tasks carelessly, get lost, and may fail to complete given tasks (APA, 2000). They have hard time keeping their concentrating on one activity or task, and are easily distracted by noise or stimuli that others can ignore easily. They shift their attention rapidly and are very forgetful in daily tasks, for example forgetting their homework. They usually have strong distasteShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1744 Words   |  7 PagesI chose to research Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and kn ow the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that evenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There are many disorders that are first diagnosed whether it is during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The disorders range from intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, all the way through to elimination disorders. Attention-deficit and disruptive disorders are the most common. All including AD/HD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified disruptive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1495 Words   |  6 Pagesoccasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this c an have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feelRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas had some difficulty sitting still, paying attention and even controlling impulsive behavior once or twice in our life. For some people, however, the problems that occur slim to none in our life occurs in the lives of theirs every day and interfere with every aspect of their life inclusive of home, academic, social and work. . The interaction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deï ¬ cits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academicRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children be tween the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend information being presented to them. Children with Attention DeficitRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1552 Words   |  7 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Seth was a second grader at West Elementary. He constantly got reprimanded by his teachers for not paying attention in class. He could not understand the information given to him during the school day. He thought he was stupid and useless. But he was not. His parents got him tested by a doctor for ADHD. He is one of many kids in the United States who have been recognized as having it. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a major issue in the educationRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )978 Words   |  4 Pagesin diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children since the 21st century. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the increase has been seen as a difference from, â€Å"7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (p. 4). Many questions arise concerning why the numbers are on the rise, especially when boys are 7.6 percent more likely than girls to receive the diagnosis of ADHD. When should the line be drawn between a disorder, and hyperactivity that comes withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is ADHD? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects almost 10% of American children between 13 and 18 years old, as well as 4% of U.S. adults over 18. Only a licensed mental health professional can provide an ADHD diagnosis, after a thorough evaluation. ADHD has three primary characteristics: Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Inattentive: Are effortlessly distracted, fail to catch details, are forgetful, and regularly switch activities. Find it difficult to focus Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay What is ADHD? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects almost 10% of American children between 13 and 18 years old, as well as 4% of U.S. adults over 18. Only a licensed mental health professional can provide an ADHD diagnosis, after a thorough evaluation. ADHD has three primary characteristics: Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Inattentive: Are effortlessly distracted, fail to catch details, are forgetful, and regularly switch activities. Find it difficult to focus. Are quickly bored with projects, unless it is something they enjoy. Find organizing and completing tasks, or learning something new, to be challenging. Struggle completing or submitting homework or other assignments. Often lose things which are essential in completing tasks. Have difficulty listening in conversations. Daydream. Are often confused. Sometimes move slowly. Struggle to quickly, accurately process information. Have a hard time following instructions. Hyperactive: Are often restless, especially while sitting. Can be nonstop talkers. Run around while touching various things. Are constantly moving. Have difficulty doing quiet tasks or activities. Impulsive: Impatience. Can sometimes make inappropriate comments. Display their emotions unrestrained. Act without taking consequences into account. Find it hard to wait for things they want. Interrupt conversations and activities. ADHD Subtypes Although ADHD is a broad term, it does have three subtypes: PredominantlyShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1744 Words   |  7 PagesI chose to research Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and kn ow the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that evenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1495 Words   |  6 Pagesoccasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this can have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feelRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas had some difficulty sitting still, paying attention and even controlling impulsive behavior once or twice in our life. For some people, however, the problems that occur slim to none in our life occurs in the lives of theirs every day and interfere with every aspect of their life inclusive of home, academic, social and work. . The interaction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deï ¬ cits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academicRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There are many disorders that are first diagnosed whether it is during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The disorders range from intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, all the way through to elimination disorders. Attention-deficit and disruptive disorders are the most common. All including AD/HD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified disruptive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend information being presented to them. Children with Attention DeficitRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )978 Words   |  4 Pagesin diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children since the 21st century. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the increase has been seen as a difference from, â€Å"7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (p. 4). Many questions arise concerning why the numbers are on the rise, especially when boys are 7.6 percent more likely than girls to receive the diagnosis of ADHD. When should the line be drawn between a disorder, and hyperactivity that comes withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1552 Words   |  7 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Seth was a second grader at West Elementary. He constantly got reprimanded by his teachers for not paying attention in class. He could not understand the information given to him during the school day. He thought he was stupid and useless. But he was not. His parents got him tested by a doctor for ADHD. He is one of many kids in the United States who have been recognized as having it. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a major issue in the educationRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )999 Words   |  4 PagesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) signifies a major public health problem. Diagnoses continue to rise each year, yet the rates of treated ADHD are declining. There is a lot of controversy about treatments for ADHD today. Helpful treatment options like medications and therapies are receiving negative views with many saying that treatment is not necessary or the negatives outweigh the benefits. Those against treatment cite problems lik e substance abuse and negative side effects. However Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Temre Gillig Southwestern Community College Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed in children, especially boys, at a much higher rate than ever in the past. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016) state that since 2011, eleven percent (6.4 million) of children between the ages of four and seventeen have been diagnosed with ADHD (13.2 percent boys and 5.6 percent girls). Often, children with ADHD have problems with working memory, selective attention, and inhibition (Belsky, 2016, p.154). Also, children need special attention from teachers and parents to stay on track. In addition, ADHD youth have a harder time making and keeping friends. What are the reasons that these children struggle with cognitive learning and social relations and what can be done to help these children with ADHD? Medical background According to Janet Belsky (2016), Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the United States is the most common learning disorder (p.154). ADHD affects boys at a more drastic rate than girls. The most common signs are not being able to pay attention, the inability to stay focused, and being hyperactive. These traits occur at home and in a class room setting. Boys are more prone to being assigned the label, especially during the elementary school years. The children’s inability to sit still and pay attention is highly noticeable during theShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1744 Words   |  7 PagesI chose to research Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and kn ow the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that evenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1495 Words   |  6 Pagesoccasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this can have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feelRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas had some difficulty sitting still, paying attention and even controlling impulsive behavior once or twice in our life. For some people, however, the problems that occur slim to none in our life occurs in the lives of theirs every day and interfere with every aspect of their life inclusive of home, academic, social and work. . The interaction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deï ¬ cits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academicRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There are many disorders that are first diagnosed whether it is during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The disorders range from intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, all the way through to elimination disorders. Attention-deficit and disruptive disorders are the most common. All including AD/HD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified disruptive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend information being presented to them. Children with Attention DeficitRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )978 Words   |  4 Pagesin diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children since the 21st century. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the increase has been seen as a difference from, â€Å"7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (p. 4). Many questions arise concerning why the numbers are on the rise, especially when boys are 7.6 percent more likely than girls to receive the diagnosis of ADHD. When should the line be drawn between a disorder, and hyperactivity that comes withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1552 Words   |  7 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Seth was a second grader at West Elementary. He constantly got reprimanded by his teachers for not paying attention in class. He could not understand the information given to him during the school day. He thought he was stupid and useless. But he was not. His parents got him tested by a doctor for ADHD. He is one of many kids in the United States who have been recognized as having it. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a major issue in the educationRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is ADHD? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects almost 10% of American children between 13 and 18 years old, as well as 4% of U.S. adults over 18. Only a licensed mental health professional can provide an ADHD diagnosis, after a thorough evaluation. ADHD has three primary characteristics: Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Inattentive: Are effortlessly distracted, fail to catch details, are forgetful, and regularly switch activities. Find it difficult to focus

Economies of Scale Free Essays

Detroit and some of its surrounding areas as Windsor and Ontario, represent a huge factor in the economy of the United States by being one of the major cities where trade takes place. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler also known as Americas ‘Big Three’ automobile companies are located in this city. The concept of External Scale Economies can help us explain why these three major companies are located in this area. We will write a custom essay sample on Economies of Scale or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scales economies are important for a country because they represent a growth in its economy. Companies are able to produce more products or services at a lower cost of input. External scale economies are based on the size of an entire industry within a specific geographic area. †1 These companies bulk in one specific area in this case Detroit, causing a decrease in the cost of the inputs by sharing some of these with the other surrounding companies, â€Å"this way the output of the industry within the area is larger†2 But how did Detroit turned out to be the spot for these major companies? Detroit’s location gave it the advantage to start growing as a transportation hub in the very beginning. At the end of 19th century Detroit had shipping, shipbuilding and manufacturing industries, but what gave Detroit the main advantage for the businesses to settle there were the natural resources that it owned which eventually led automobile industries to be interested in this place for what meant for them: the external factors which provided a reduction in the firm’s cost. Some of these factors were coal, iron, and copper mining, Detroit was also easily accessible by water and by land; and it was near the nation’s leading, well-established production centers. One of Detroit’s strength was certainly the external factors mentioned above; it guided important industries towards its direction becoming what is now known as a global symbol. The agglomeration of these three big automobile companies has allowed the achievement of an external scale economy therefore a benefit for the United States’ economy. Notes 1. Thomas A. Pugel, â€Å"Chapter 6 Scale Economies, Imperfect Competition, and Trade†, International Economics, 15th Edition: Page 94 2. Ibid 3. Thomas J. Sugrue, Motor city: The story of Detroit. http://www. gilderlehrman. org/history-by-era/politics-reform/essays/motor-city-story-detroit How to cite Economies of Scale, Essay examples

Effect of the Motivation Techniques for Workers and Application

Question: Discuss about theEffect of the Motivation Techniques for Workers and Application. Answer: Introduction The reviewed article speaks about the effect of motivation techniques used by managers to increase productivity of their workers. The results are based on a study, which is carried out on 229 employees working in weaving and fabric dying factories. The study is carried out in Cerkezkoy Organized Industrial Site. A relevant thesis statement that can be derived from this article is that motivation techniques applied by a manager has an effect on employee efficiency and productivity and this may be dependent on various demographic factors (Guclu Guney 2013). Based on the thesis statement, the article has various strengths and weaknesses. One of the strengths is that an actual study is carried out to determine the effects of motivation on workers, rather than just basing it on assumptions. Through the study, various conclusions can be drawn, as it is evident that motivation of employees is also determined by other factors apart from the kind of techniques that are used by the employer (Lazaroiu, 2015). Gender, level of education, income, marital status and job experience are factors, which can influence how employees feel about certain motivation techniques. Another strength is that motivation factors are assessed in term s of whether they are economic, psychosocial or organizational and managerial. This assists in giving a broader view of what kind of factors motivate employees most and lead to an increase in their efficiency and productivity. The weakness of the article is that the study is limited to a weaving and dyeing factory, which may give a limited perspective of motivation due to the nature of work and type of skills needed to carry out the work (Cunningham 2016). The study would have included different types of industries so that the factors, which influence motivation, can be more conclusive in terms of whether they are similar or slightly different based on industry. Importance of Motivation Motivation is a key factor that influences how employees in an organization perform hence managers should ensure they use the right motivational techniques. Motivation is important as the ability of any employee to work and their wiliness affect their efficiency. Motivation creates ability by providing an employee with the necessary training and skills needed in performing the task. It also creates the willingness needed to do work (Dobre 2013). All these lead to efficiency of an employee, which is then reflected in the performance of a department or an organization. In an organization, some employees have negative attitudes, which are passed on to their colleagues hence leading to poor performance and lack of efficiency. Motivation is key in such situations as it enables organizations to create positive attitudes among the workforce. Positive attitudes lead to enhanced teamwork hence overall efficiency and great organizational performance. An organization that has employees who are not motivated constantly suffers from high employee turnover (Gupta Shaw 2014). This is because employees keep looking for greener pastures so that they can leave. Work is greatly affected in such organizations as there are constant shortages and it leads to overworking of other employees. This leads to disgruntlement among the workforce. Such organizations spend a lot of time and money in recruiting employees and training. This wastage can only be cleared if the organization looks at motivation and ways in which it can retain its workforce through different techniques (Korzynski 2013). Motivated employees work for long periods in companies hence the problem of high turnover is eliminated. Such employees are also often willing to take on extra tasks hence a lot gets done and efficiency is maximized in the organization, leading to greater output levels (Asim 2013). Absenteeism is also reduced in such companies. Employees look forward to going to work and absenteeism cases are minima l. Organizations are constantly changing due to environmental factors. Effective change management can only occur where employees are motivated. Employees who are not motivated do not embrace change and instead seek to frustrate management efforts when a new change is to be implemented. Motivation leads to employees taking change initiatives positively and becoming change champions (Pandey 2014). Change occurs smoothly in such environments, as employees become the key drivers for change efforts. The main aim of motivation is to ensure that employees work willingly and fondly. This can only be achieved if manager listen to employees and come up with techniques that will have a positive effect on the employees. Managers can use different techniques to motivate employees so that they receive maximum efficiency. They must build trust with their employees. Trust is two therefore as managers trust employees to perform effectively; their employees also expect that their best interests be looked out for by their managers (Mathew Johnson 2015). The manager therefore has to ensure that trust is built and this can only be done through effective communication. Openness must be encouraged between managers and employees. Feedback should be a two way process. Managers should be able to provide honest feedback to their employees whether its positive or negative. In the same way, managers should be open to feedback from their employees. Open communication leads to positive working environme nts and motivated employees. This greatly enhances teamwork as employees communicate well and are willing to work with each other. In such environments, employee grievances and suggestions are listened to hence; it becomes easier for managers to apply the relevant motivation techniques. Managers should also make sure that they provide work that is meaningful and challenging to their employees. When staff feel that, the work that they do is important it makes a great difference in an organization (Baba 2017). Most employees just want to feel that they are part of the organization and that their roles are recognized. Employees mostly want to feel a sense of achievement, responsibility, enjoyment and recognition. Employees are also most likely to achieve when there is a possibility of career advancement ahead of them. Managers should therefore provide opportunities where employees are able to grow and gain skills from other departments. Employees get motivated when they know that their hard work is going to be repaid by a promotion or a bright future in terms of advancement in their careers. It is therefore important that managers train employees constantly and provide a working environment where there is freeness and fairness in terms of career growth. Validity of Thesis Statement of Article The Thesis statement of the article is agreeable because motivation factors used by managers do influence efficiency and productivity. However, demographic factors do not necessarily influence the type of motivation used. The study done on the Cerkezkoy Industrial Site is an indication that the demographic that influences motivation most is education. People who are more educated tend to have stronger opinion and are keener on the kind of motivation, which is used. People who are less educated tend to look at economic motivational factors more as their main aim is to get income to sustain their needs (Kaur 2013). The study also divides the motivational needs into economic, psychosocial and organizational, which reflects the types of motivation, which managers can use to motivate their employees so that they achieve efficiency. Economic factors include using factors involving money to motivate employees and these can be bonuses, pay rises or monetary rewards. This motivates employees to work efficiently as they know that at the end of the day they will benefit from various incentives. Organizational and managerial motivators are different and include factors within the company, which can be used in motivation (Mason 2017). The organization can use team building to build morale and enhance teamwork in the company hence leading to a positive environment, which will lead to employees feeling, motivated. Employees can also be allowed to learn skills in different departments so that they are all-rounded. This leads to motivation, as they will feel that the organization cares about them enough to do job rotation. Managers can also ensure that they are responsible for employees under them and constantly train and recognize them. This way, employees feel that their managers actually care and are motivated to work harder as they know that their efforts are recognized. Psychosocial motivation includes factors, which appeal to the psychological side of an employee. Employees want to feel appreciated and recognized at the work place. Such incentives include managers having programs like employee of the work schemes where different employees are recognized based on their work and efforts. Healthy competitions can also be put in place and the most productive employees rewarded. This leads to motivation as everyone works hard to achieve the reward. Conclusion Overall, the article shows us that motivation is a key factor that can bring out employee capabilities and skills. Once employees are motivated, they do their best to perform and through this, managers are able to identify the strengths of their employees. This leads to employee skills being maximized hence leading to efficiency. Through this, organizations are able to be efficient in processes hence leading to overall success that reflects in the bottom-line. It is therefore very important that managers use various techniques to motivate employees so that they achieve maximum benefit. References Asim, M., 2013. Impact of motivation on employee performance with effect of training: specific to education sector of Pakistan.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,3(9), pp.1-9. Baba, A.I., 2017. EFFECTS OF MOTIVATION, WORKING CONDITIONS AND PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE.ASIAN JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES,5(8). Cunningham, A., 2016. What are the Key Drivers Used to Promote Employee Motivation and Engagement in a Manufacturing Environment?. Dobre, O.I., 2013. Employee motivation and organizational performance.Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research,5(1), pp.53-60. Guclu, H and Guney S, 2013. The Effect of the Motivation Techniques Used by Managers to Increase the Productivity of their Workers and an Application, Business Management Dynamics 6 (7),pp 01-18 Gupta, N. and Shaw, J.D., 2014. Employee compensation: The neglected area of HRM research.Human Resource Management Review,24(1), pp.1-4. Kaur, A., 2013. Maslows need hierarchy theory: Applications and criticisms.Global Journal of Management and Business Studies,3(10), pp.1061-1064. Korzynski, P., 2013. EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN NEW WORKING ENVIRONMENT.International journal of academic research,5(5). Lazaroiu, G., 2015. Employee Motivation and Job Performance.Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations,14, p.97. Mason, K., 2017.The impact of HR practices on employee motivation and performance(Doctoral dissertation, Cardiff Metropolitan University). Mathew, U. and Johnson, J., 2015. Impact of Performance Appraisal System on Employee Motivation: With Special Reference to a Multi-Specialty Hospital in Kerala.International Journal of Finance Policy Analysis,7. Pandey, P., 2014. Employee motivation and retention-key to organisational performance-in Indian perspective.International Journal of Marketing and Technology,4(4), p.144.

See Jane Hit by Dr. Garbarino

Acts of violence among young persons have been making headlines for some time now. While many associate boys to the acts, shocking statistics reveal that girls are increasingly committing violent acts. The purpose of this essay is to give an overview of Dr. Garbarino’s See Jane Hit: Why Girls are Growing more Violent and what We can Do About it. It also seeks to address the book’s reaction on gender and how violence and aggression affects society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on See Jane Hit by Dr. Garbarino specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It seeks to answer the following questions; Is it a good thing that girls are more violent and does that mean we have achieved same level of fairness in the difference between boys and girls? In what ways does American society glorify or reward people for aggression? Is girls; aggression something American society should take seriously? The author takes a captiva ting look at girls becoming aggressive – from the physical attributes of self assurance visible in healthy girls to criminal aggression in distressed girls. In a society which increasingly believes in equality among all, girls are putting aside their ladylike nature in pursuit for freedom. He exposes an alarmingly escalating trend of violence in America’s girl child. According to Dr. Garbarino, there is an increasingly narrowing gap between criminal violence perpetrated by young boys and young girls as opposed to some years back. The New more physical American Girl has emerged with the capability to assert herself that surpasses unlawful attack. Girls are making headway in sports, their display of passion, their obvious love for conventional or ‘acceptable’ aggression and the assurance that comes with accomplishments and sense of possession. While he applauds the positive aggression portrayed by the liberal New American girl, his main concern lies with the rising breed of violent girls. He reckons that the overall towering figures of violence in the girl child is an inadvertent result of the conventional rise in ordinary girls becoming physical and growing more opinionated. The so called â€Å"empowerment† is the root of this aggression. Through different research perspectives, he finds answers to the problem. Research indicates that a big majority of children do not go through these dramatic character transformations during adolescence. They simply become bigger, more mature translations of what they were as children. Childhood is the period during which the fundamental behavioral tendencies come out. What happens in childhood presents a basis for future behavior.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Children who have problems with attachment face difficulties in handling relationships as adolescents. It follows then that violent youth were destructive children. The encounters with transformations that come with puberty increase the anxiety about individual appearance and this affect self esteem. Teenagers also contend with peer issues. When children enter adolescence stage, the inclination to give in to peer influence increases, making them susceptible to exaggerated responses. Adolescence brings with it changes in loyalties in that focus moves from devotion to parents to peers. The cultural components of peer behavior become important. Research shows that notable aspects of peer behavior like antagonism and self harm can be carried from childhood to adolescence. This state of affairs can explain the increasing use of violence in the New American Girl. In particular, the escalating predicament of violent female adolescents is largely not because non-violent girls have learnt to be more domineering when they become adolescents. The extent of violence and assertiveness may change during adolescence but the fo undation for aggression lie in childhood, not in the progressive changes associated with adolescence. The foundation for female violence was put in place years ago; conflict, poverty, bias, segregation, poor grades at school as a result of child abuse, negligence and crime serve to promote aggression. Girls are merely catching up with the boys. Garbarino also analyzes the role of mass media in perpetrating violence among young people. The American society clearly approves of violence while today’s girls are keenly listening and watching. He scrutinizes the conventional origin of the way girls should be like and their increasing dissatisfaction with depending on others for acknowledgement. He settles the argument by proposing that girls be positively aggressive and society ought to regard them favorably in a positive and convectional way like they do boys. Girls require an explicit personality, a feeling of firmness, spirituality and beneficial adult influence in their lives. He concludes that no matter how aggressive the girls are, this violent trend can be stopped. He calls for universal support and intervention from the whole community before the situation gets worse. My opinion To a large extent I concur with Dr.Garbarino that there is indeed more aggression among girls of today; verbally and physically. Our children are losing their simplicity and naà ¯vetà ©. American culture has many selfish, manipulative and harmful ingredients to the young ones. Violence is being disseminated at an alarming rate among children. The sad part though is that this violence is not only directed towards others but to themselves as well.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on See Jane Hit by Dr. Garbarino specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Violence experienced in home, schools and recreational facilities coupled by the one perpetrated through the media is having far more reaching outcomes in our children. Nearly all homes in America access TVs. The kind of programs and shows aired centre largely on sexual orientations, stereotype roles of men and women and commercials. Most of these programs portray violent images that exalt killings, abuse and violent sex for instance ‘The X-files’, ‘X-men’, ‘The Simpsons’, and the whole sci-fi ‘action’ shows and the ‘show of might’ portrayed in their content. TV violence is thus eroding values in our children, substituting them with the worst things imaginable. Our children are not only watching them all but they are learning as well. They learn and absorb violence as a normal part of ‘surviving’ in our morally decaying world. Children feel â€Å"unaffected† with violence and slowly by slowly accept violence as a normal way or getting things done in society. They begin to see themselves in TV characters and ape them. Compared to other generations, young girls are expecting less in relationships. Majority have grown resentful. The girl child is getting the information that she can be physically powerful outside the sexual context. This transformation is due to the freedom from the conventional feminine restrictions. Girls are now adopting survival strategies in our society that upholds and exalts the application of violence in almost everyway. Our society is getting more permissive by the day. Extreme feminists’ ideologies that tell girls that sexism undermines them alongside the culture that they are entitled to equal rights combine to wreck havoc on the already weakened moral fabric. Our society inclines to let girls go scot free and makes them believe they are victims of violence. This gives them the leeway to commit more crimes as they feel entitled to vent their frustration with the ‘unjust’ world. The fact that they are not held responsible for their actions prompts them to act in extreme ways like in the instances d iscussed by the author. Women are increasing their accomplishments in various spheres of life by use of physical aggression since it works for men too Adults are now presented with the challenge of guiding and bringing up these girls. They are not ready to make the young girls understand the parameters of violence. Men fear of this being construed as sexual harassment while women look on and appreciate the â€Å"freedom†. Consequently, girls lack the supervision and the sense of direction that is required to grow up and manage their feelings. They end up destroying their lives and those of others.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While men are by nature more violent than women, women are more so capable of being equally violent today. I also concur with his premises pertaining to girls oral and relation aggressive abilities. This has always been the conventional female means of getting what they want or where they want to go. This type of aggression happens to be increasing too. Men have overtime devised ways to exercise control and take responsibility of their actions. Our society is yet to successfully adapt itself to the immense power it has bestowed on women and ask women to the responsibility of the power they possess. That ought to change. Just as boys are taught the gentlemanly way of never laying a hand on a woman regardless of the offense, girls should also be taught so. They should not just be taught defense mechanisms. They should learn that there is no justification for violence and that crime has a price. Justified aggression harms just like the other. We can all express ourselves freely but the means we choose to use matter and we should not expect someone to always defend our actions. The issue of female violence should be taken seriously though it should not be blown out of proportion. Remedial action should be taken now before it becomes unmanageable in the near future. Girls should be given support by the community and our religions. They should not be left to their own demise as it will not just affect them but the society at large. Role models ought to be there for our girls to emulate. To some, the issue of violence in the American girl may seem over- stated but there is some truth in it nevertheless. Violent crime has been escalating since 1960s and though there may have been notable decreases in the 1980s, the crimes have since changed in their constitution. Teenagers are increasingly engaging in violence and the past ten years has been but a succession of armed gangs and drug dealing. Juvenile crime poses a great danger to public safety our society today. Thousa nds of children from fatherless homes and declining localities are hitting our streets every year. I can attest to this as I live in a populous section of one of the largest metropolitans and I can say that there are girl gangs in our town. Our city’s juvenile arrest records indicate that while girls appear less violent than boys, they are nevertheless involved. Most of the men arrested for violence claim to be involved with aggressive women. However, I don’t think I share his supposition that female involvement in sports has facilitated the aggression to spread to other areas outside the field. Positive aggression should be encouraged as long as the channels are creative, helpful and productive. He provides no real linking figures to ascertain this assumption. His evidence looks unreliable and cannot therefore be used as a basis for generalization. All is not lost though as Dr. Garbarino advances helpful ideas through which aggressive dispositions can be directed for the better. Protective factors can be taken to remedy the problem as the author discussed. They are worth trying. Similarly, our society should provide role models that our children can look up to for mentorship. Parents need involve themselves more in their children’s upbringing and this brings into focus the issue of family strengthening and the role of good parenting. The family unit ought to be preserved as it is the beginning of most of the problem we encounter in society today. While the debate on whether or not girls’ crime is on the increases rages on, what we should be asking ourselves is; what is happening with our children? Dr. Garbarino offers a very intriguing perspective into female violence, something which was never openly acknowledged. He presents an eye-opening discourse about the alarming issue progression of criminal aggression among girls. Garbarino illustrates this really well. The book goes a long way in informing our society on the changing time s and offers solutions to make it a better place for all of us This essay on See Jane Hit by Dr. Garbarino was written and submitted by user Emely Wiley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Irony in essays

Irony in essays The Use of Irony in Kate Chopins The Storm In the short story The Storm, written by author Kate Chopin, irony is used to help plot a situation in which two people surrender to their physical desires. The way that the author hides the immoral behavior of her characters is behind the fear of the tempest in which the characters are placed. This is an example of irony. In the short story The Storm, Chopin tries really hard to convince her readers that Calixta was a victim of fear during the bad storm. Kate uses phrases such as Calixta put her hands to her eyes, and with a cry, staggered backward(Chopin 227), to gather sympathy from her readers for Calixta. However, right before her act of betrayal, Calixta is worried about her child and husband being out in the storm and that makes her appear to be even more deceitful. The mere fact that she could be worried about her own family while committing adultery is ironic. Calixta remembers that she is the mother of a child, and still it does not stop her from having the affair with Alcee. Kate Chopin describes in detail the destruction the storm causes, The rain was coming down in sheets . . . the crash seemed to invade the very boards they stood upon (227) presenting a frightful atmosphere, but she is still not able to justify the fact that Calixta is cheating on her husband or that Alcee is cheating on his wife. The author is being ironic in many instances during the plot of the story. The four-year-old child of Calixta, Bibi, is presented to be brave and not scared of the storm. For example in the story, Bibi laid his little hand on his fathers knee and was not afraid(226), in comparison to Calixta, who is a grown woman and looses her self-worth due to her inner fear. Another example is when the author describes the emotions in Calixtas eyes during the act of betrayal, As she glanced ...

Business Succession Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Succession Planning - Research Paper Example The minority shareholders are those shareholders who are in a position to exercise control over the issues of the company. This situation may lead to a conflict of interests between the majority and minority shareholders. The reasons for such conflicts and the likely effects of those conflicts on corporate governance and the ways to solve such conflicts are discussed in this paper. Structural reasons: The organization structure is so designed that some people may have advantages over others by having access to information and resources so that they have more insider information. Hence, this creates an organization which is not transparent. Also, the majority of shareholders can have control of financial resources and human resources of the company and this may create domination over the minority group. The Institutional allocation of authority can be imbalanced and can be according to the benefit of a few people. The majority of shareholders may have more power in decision making and when the minority does not agree for decisions they may threaten to create a deadlock until the minority group agrees. In the case of proprietary companies(3), the ownership and management are overlapping and there is no distinction between the two. Hence, the company is managed in such a way that is best for the owners which may cause conflict with the minority shareholders. The absence of Information and Factual Complexity: Withhold of valuable information causes mistrust among the minority group and this can ruin the confidence of the minority group on the management. Hence, when there is information is available freely the shareholders are not willing to believe the credibility and this can cause confusion. Breakdown of relations: Personal relations between directors, shareholders and employees can be a cause of conflict, or can at least exacerbate conflicts caused by other factors such as loss of trust, poor communication, stereotypes of gender or class, high levels of emotion, ego clashes, cultural or gender tensions, autocratic or uncooperative behavior.

Public and private Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public and private - Essay Example Women tend to suffer more economic and emotional Regression than a man. The reasons are manifold. Firstly, many of them were providing for their kids singlehandedly, with a little or no help from their former husbands. Secondly, gender bias also affects the availability of opportunities in job market. As a result most of them remained Underpaid and over burdened with increasing budget deficit. However, a small number of these women that Arendell called â€Å"a unique sub group† did not show similar desperation as majority of the others did. According to Rendell most of them had a substantial support system from either their parents or legal settlement of property or their marriage experience was so unbearably painful that even a sense of Liberation could make them sufficiently optimistic. (Arendell, 1986) Thus, the study discussed in the present article Shows that a divorced woman in America is largely a victim of socioeconomic deprivation and is surrounded by a strange fear o f unpredictable future. This together with the psychological pressure, Complexes and Dilemmas rob them off all capacities to see a ray of light at the end of the tunnel. Increasingly common phenomenon i.e. â€Å"divorce†. The women interviewed were all passing through a Phase where they experience painful surprises on every day basis. A situation where just cost cutting Does not help let alone maintaining the pre divorced standard of living. Another very significant Concept discussed was the plight of single parenting which has both financial and emotional Repercussions. The article also touched upon the gender inequality in work opportunities and the Amount of social downturn a woman experience as opposed to man, as Peterson discussed in his book â€Å"Women, Work and Divorce† and I quote ,† Divorced women, like other women continue to be at a disadvantage in labor market. The level of occupational

Program capstone IP5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Program capstone IP5 - Essay Example The introduction stage occurs after a product has been effectively been marketed and surveys carried out and as a result achieved its desired marketing goal. The product is then introduced into the market with an aim of creating immediate demand. At this stage, there is very little competition in the market and the sales volume of the product increases rapidly. The prices are very high as well as promotion methods leading to the firms registering high profits. The maturity phase of the product life cycle is marked by an increase in sales volume at a decreasing rate. At this stage, imitations of the product begin to emerge in the foreign markets causing the firm to begin lowering its exportation of the product. The manufacturers are forced to lower the market price of the product in order to maintain its market share as well as supporting its sales. Despite a decrease in the profit levels, the firm’s product still remains attractive due to high volumes available in the market. The saturation period is marked by stability in the product line. The sale volume is at its peak and there is no possibility of extending it further. Sales at this stage undergo stability initially but then begin to fall as many substitutes of the product enter the market. At this stage, the manufacturing firms must aim at developing new alternative uses of the product through effective differentiation which can be either vertical or horizontal (Chitale, 2013). In order to sustain the maturity period, firms will tend to introduce alterations as well as innovations to the product so as to keep the interest of the customers high so that they keep on buying the product. The phase can also be lengthened through variations in terms of prices due to the stiff competition in the market. Some of the popular and well known products such as the iPod together with the iPhone are currently in the maturity stage. Apple has however been very

Tourism A complex industry made up of number of different businesses

Tourism A complex industry made up of number of different businesses Defining tourism industry is not a sample matter, it is very complex industry made up of number of different businesses. The common thing these businesses share that they provide products and services to tourists. The most accepted definition is provided by the World Tourism Organisation. According to WTO, tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to end staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. Tourism has become one of the major economic activities in the 21st century. The development in aviation industry has made tourism industry very competitive. As airlines industry expands and the world economy experienced substantial growth in tourism industry. After World War II only wealthy people were able to enjoy travelling and tourism but late 20th century and early 21st century it became affordable to masses. The economic significance of tourism industry is quite evident in 21st century. According to WTTC Press Releases (2010) World Tourism Industry contributes over 10% of the world GDP and growing every year. This industry can benefit an economy in number of ways e.g. by providing employment, increase in government taxes and creates more diversified economy. Four industries are dominated in 21st century, financial, telecommunications, Information technology and tourism. The desire of travel is a human need and people keep travelling for number of reasons. The travelling activities will never stop therefore tourism activities will increase in the future more and more, especially with the development of transportations system and modern technology. In past few decades tourism industry growth was tremendous and numbers of tourists in the UK have risen every year since World War II, apart from 1992 gulf war, September 11 2001 terrorist attacks on New York and July 7, 2005 London bombing. The growth in tourism industry has been the result of number of factors, e.g. Economic factor (longer paid holiday, affluence), Social factors (education and advertisement create desire to travel) and finally Development in tourism industry have made easy for tourist to travel new holiday destinations and attractions, cheaper holiday packages, faster and rel iable transport. What is Terrorism? Terrorism has been defined as the intentional use of force or threat to use violence against civilian, business and government, in order to achieve their aims. During past three decades over 25000 terrorists incidents has happened around the world, which have resulted over 100000 causalities or injuries. The basic objectives of terrorists have remained unchanged over the years but development in technology has allowed terrorists to use more sophisticated and devastating tactics to create fear in peoples mind. The biggest increase in terrorism activities in past decade has raised many questions about the economic impacts on many countries around the world. In addition to the technological and natural hazards, people also face threats of terrorism posed by terrorists groups. Terrorist can be foreigner or domestic and their threats to people and nation from isolated acts of terrorism. The terrorists groups used different methods of attacks to create fear in people, like assassinations, kidnappings, car bombs, airline hijacking, building explosions, computer base attacks (cyber attacks), mailing of dangerous materials, use of biological, chemical and nuclear weapons. The main targets of terrorists are civilian, government departments, holiday destinations, international airports, historic and largest cities and businesses. According to Enders W. and Todd S. (2002), terrorism is the premeditated use or threat of use of force by individuals or groups to obtain social or political objective through the intimidation of large audience, beyond that of the immediate victim. By using fear against civilian, terrorists create fear in general public through intimidation and hope to weaken the governments legitimacy by strengthening their own importance. Beside civilian death and destruction, terrorism can have very serious impacts on economy and tourism in the worse and immediately affected industry by terrorism. UK Tourism Sector and Economy as a Whole: The tourism industry in one of the biggest and fastest growing industries in the United Kingdom, and an important economic sector for UK economy. It is the UK fifth largest industry which provide directly employment over 1.4 million people in UK. In last year domestic and international tourists spend over 90 billion in UK economy. According to Deloitte report 2007 tourism industry contributed direct and indirect in UK economy were worth 8.2% of GDP and also provided 2.65 millions jobs to workforce. The UK tourism industry employs more people than engineering and manufacturing industries, but both industries receive significant polices attention from Government. Growth in tourism sector could have significant impacts on UK workforce. In UK the combination of culture, history, world famous attractions and natural beauty is an attractive option for local and international tourists. There are number of upcoming opportunities like London Olympics 2012, Rugby League World Cup 2013, Glasgow Commonwealth Games 2014 and Rugby Union World Cup 2015 for the UK tourism that should be exploited and on the other side depreciation of sterling means increase in spending power of international tourists, which also make UK more attractive destination to visit. It also encourage local tourist to spend holidays in UK because foreign destinations become more expensive than UKs. Recent reports shows that number of UK tourists going abroad has fallen significantly in past few years and they are planning holiday domestically. This is confirmed by BCC (2009) report, local business in Essex notes that, there are definite signs that exchange rates are giving the UK tourism industry a boost with less people travelling abroad and more international tourists come UK. The future growth of UK tourism is predicted by BBC. According to BBC (2010) report; in 2018 domestic and overseas visitors will put  £115 billions a year in UK economy. The direct contribution in the UK economy will be  £52 billion in term of GDP which represent 4% of UK economy. Tourism also provides 1.36 million jobs in 2009 to UK workforce which is 10% of total work force. UK is the worlds sixth largest international tourism destination in term of number of tourists. After September 11, 2001 and July 7, 2005 incidents tourism industry was badly affected. According to the LCCI (2005) report, it has been estimated that the fall in tourism could cost UK tourism industry over  £300 millions. Liberal Democrat MP Sarah Teather and Brent East told GMT (2005), that the impact of London terrorist bombing on tourism industry is 60 percent worse than it was initially feared. They said that the terrorism cost UK tourism industry over  £500 million. Why Terrorism target Tourism Industry: The words tourism and terrorism exist at either end of a continuum of quality of life. The word tourism means living happily, enjoyment, and relaxation, while terrorism means feeling of death, destruction, fears and panics every where. According to Beirman D. (2003), tourists are primary concerned with travelling to the destination satisfying their desires with minimum complications, threats to their safety and wellbeing , while on the other hand Gilham (2001) said, physical threat or serious disturbances to ones plans are suffer to reduce the prospects of a tourist destination or tourist firm. In past decade terrorism has very severe impacts on the travel and tourism industry than any other industry. The main reason of this may be because the basic objectives of the terrorist groups are to spread fear, as a result the basic safety and security of people threatened. According to Maslow A. (1943) the hierarchy of needs, he said that human nature never satisfied, when they have met the ir basic needs for safety and security. When they are able to satisfy their basic needs, then they attempt to satisfy their self actualisation needs such as better life, travel and tourism. According to Essner J. (2003), the psychological impacts are enough to have severe impacts on tourism. The fear of terrorism is irrational, because in terrorist attack chances of being killed are very little and security environment has demonstrated its negative impacts on tourism in many top destinations around the world. In this competitive age, the business environment is changing dramatically. Terrorism is the biggest threat to tourism industry because travel is susceptible to the incidents of terrorism. When people travel they always avoid hazards, so for tourists safety is the major concern. During the past decade especially after September 11 2001, there are number of events which have had significant negative impacts on UK tourism. The correlation between terrorism and tourism is undeniable in the era due to industry strength and tourist places are the ideal target for terrorist to create large amount of economic and social disruption in the country. In UK terrorism can be seen in substantial part, as a result of this backlash to the tourism industry. There are number of definitions of terrorism, in the world of Alexander, Yonah, (1979) terrorism is a threat or use of enforcement and inclemency to achieve a political goal by means of intimidation fear, and coercion. In the present world context , the European Union (2001) define the terrorism relevant to international business in the following words. Terrorist offences are certain criminal offences set out in a list comprised largely of serious offences against persons and property which, given their nature or context, may seriously damage a country or an international organisation where committed with the aim of: seriously intimidating a population; or unduly compelling a Government or international organisation to perform or abstain from performing any act; or seriously destabilizing or destroying the fundamental political, constitutional, economic or social structures of a country or an international organization. September 11 Terrorist Attacks and Tourism Industry: Terrorism has deep history science the cold war but this issue become most salient after terrorist attacks in September 11 2001. This incident affected the UK and international tourism industry in various ways. On one hand the world tourism industry was affected financially, the other hand it suffers due to legal and security issues. The international tourism industry between countries was most seriously affected due to security and safety concerns and legal issue. Especially UK, US and other developed countries were compulsion to protect their territory and people at any cost. Tourism industry in UK and USA found themselves floundering financially in the months after the terrorist attack on world Trade Centre, while rest of the world tourism industry also lost millions of dollars. According to U.S department of state (2002) report more than 3000 people of different nationalities were killed in the terrorist attacks only in the United States in September 11, 2001. The attacks were th e conspicuous example of terrorism on global level. According to the overview of European commission (2001) this was the one of the major event in the past decades which diversifies the viewpoint and outlook of people around the world. Terrorism affects both the long term and short term perspectives of the all economic sectors around the world. Czinkota (2002) cited that terrorism influenced long term karma of entire industries, for example tourism, retailing and manufacturing industries. According to U.S Department of state (2001), terrorist select businesses (e.g. tourism places) for attack compare to other targets. The most kind of attack is bomb blast, although armed attacks and kidnapping are also some kinds of terrorist attacks. According to Council of Foreign Relations (2002) reported the majority of victims in terrorist attack are civilians. The relatively large number of tourists may not prepare to face these kinds of terrorist attacks. However the scenario has changed as it was at the time of terrorist attack in 9/11. Kunreuther, Michel and Porter (2003) said that during the days of terrorist attacks in 9/11 a common feeling came into mind of people that it could be me. But with the passage of time, this may give way to may be it will not me next time. This kind of behaviour is more common now a day in south Asia. But it is a common thinking that it is extremely easy for terrorist that to attack any where in the world. Even in low cost and low tech attacks, terrorists achieve to disrupt the tourism industry. After the September 11 terrorist attacks many international tourist destinations have badly affected legally because countries have introduced new laws for foreigner tourists e.g. strict visas requirements, security check and criminal record check etc. UK government also introduced strict immigration law for every one who wishes to come UK for visit, in the effort to prevent further terrorist attacks. The new terrorist laws restricted the tourists for freely travel across the UK borders and require by security department to keep proper track of their activities. The anti terrorist laws have made very complicated for tourism industry to conduct its business activities freely across the UK borders; as a result many people and firms engaged with tourism have financially struggled. Another major issue that affect the UK tourism industry is security and UK government have to invest huge amount of money to improve both internal and external security. The security is most important because terrorist target hot tourists spots and transportation network to achieve their targets. There is not a vast existing literature which shows the relationship between terrorism and tourism management theories, and the lack of presence of research literature is absolutely visible on the relationship between terrorism and tourism management, which elaborates constructive techniques for tourism industry in the presence of phenomena of terrorism. Terrorism has capacity to create atmosphere of fear and can be intimidate industry in number of ways. This threat of terrorism attacks poses a continuous atmosphere of risk for the tourism around the world. This risk itself creates extension for treatment of risk in management theories. The majority of management literature theories adopt term uncertainty as a factor of unpredictable environment which may influence the tourism industry in certain ways. The environment effected by terrorism also has a factor of unpredictability in it. This study is another attempt to research and investigates impacts of terrorism on the tourism indust ry in UK and we will also discuss different approaches for reducing and handling the terrorism threats. Context and relevance of the Study: The topic, impacts of terrorism on tourism industry has been widely explored, this study is based on past decade to find out the impacts of terrorism on UK tourism industry and suggest the appropriate framework that helps tourism industry to minimise the impacts of terrorism. Given this significance, the aim of this research is an attempt to find the impacts of terrorism on UK tourism industry in the present context for the period after September 11 2001. Research Aim: The aim of this research is to analyse and explore the effects of terrorism on tourism industry in the United Kingdom after September 11 2001. The second part of my research is to critically analyse and recommend the most appropriate framework for tourism industry to deal with the terrorist threats or scrutinize the different ways to avoid and minimise the impact of terrorism on tourism industry. Research Objectives: The research objectives will include the elements, which have relation to both terrorism and tourism. The objectives of this research will show the correlation between terrorism and tourism and the tourism industry is highly impacted by terrorism activities. This research has the following individual objectives: To critically analyse the general impact of terrorism on United Kingdom tourism industry. To recommend the most appropriate framework that helps the tourism industry to minimize the impact of terrorism. Hypothesis: The hypothesis of this study is as follows; Tourism industry is likely, to be negatively impacted by terrorism events. Research Questions: The above research objectives can be broken down into following leading questions; What are the effects of terrorism on UK tourism industry? What measures and framework exist to minimize the impacts or consequences of terrorism on UK tourism Industry? After having answered all above questions, conclusion and recommendations will be formulated to minimize the impacts for tourism industry. The conclusion and recommendations are put in the context of relevant political, economic and legal manners. Scope and Limitations of the research: This is an academic research that would shed some light on the matter of terrorism and tourism which have been discussed in different prospective in past. The significance of this study is found out the impacts after September 11 2001 and July 7 2005 terrorist attacks on UK tourism industry. Terrorism and tourism relationship is an ongoing issue and it relevance may change in different period because of the change of political structure of the countries. This study is relevant to the people involve in tourism and related industry and of much interest to get insight of the tourism industry. The finding of this study will be limited from the following aspects. The study includes the impacts on UK tourism industry only. Hence, its findings may not be applicable to other countries tourism industries because of the frequencies and number of terrorist attacks. Another limitation is use of secondary data, this data is an important component of my research but there are some limitations that the secondary data may have and the problems that could arise if these limitations are ignored. The verification of existing data is difficult. Secondary data can be general and vague and sometimes it may cause difficulties in decision making. It is possible that data could be out dated and the sample used to generate the secondary data maybe small. The secondary data may not be accurate and sources of data need must always be checked. The sample used to collect data may be very small or very big, which means it may not show the true picture of the population. The secondary data sometimes does not help to design methods of formulating research question or answering that question. The data publisher company may not be reputable. While keeping in mind those limitations of secondary data, I will use data for my research from reputable academic websites and published literature. Research Structure and Design: This research consists of six chapters. It begins with chapter 1, which reveals the need, aim and objectives for this research to be attained. Chapter 2 of my research will discuss the methodology, which enables me to fulfil the requirements of this research. Chapter 3 is an extensive and deep interpretation of literature review about terrorism and tourism. This chapter also looks at the other literature on the tourism and terrorism topic, and also discusses the difference between previous researches and this research. Chapter 4 of this research will explore the impacts of terrorism on UK tourism industry. Chapter 5 of this research is about managing the effects of terrorism and discuss the framework to minimise the impacts of terrorism. Finally chapter 6 of this research is the conclusion and recommendation chapter which will answer all the key questions, aim and objectives of this research seek. Abbreviation and terminology: Uncertainty: specifically mean the unpredictable environment; it is unpredictable when next terrorist attack will occur. Risk: mean threat; internal and external threat in tourism industry which may affect the productivity of organisation.